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Pathology
Acute respiratory failure with oedematous lung field resulting from inflammatory events without a raised left atrial pressure
The oedema arises due to increased alveolar permeability
Aetiology
Pulmonary Insult
Pneumonia
Aspiration
Inhalation injury (e.g. smoke)
Lung contusion
Non-Pulmonary Insult
Sepsis
Trauma
Burns
Pancreatitis
Signs
Tachypnoea, confusion secondary to hypoxia
Symptoms
Shortness of breath, agitation
Investigations
Chest X-Ray: Bilateral infiltrates
ABG: PaO2/FiO2 < 26.7 kPa (<200 mmHg)
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure: <18mmHg
Treatment
The underlying cause must be treated if possible. Good supportive care is key
Prognosis
Mortality rate 50-60%
Prolonged period of mechanical ventilationKey Facts
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Key Images
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Key References
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