Autoimmune condition in which anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies bind to alpha-3 chains of type IV collagen found in alveolar and glomerular basement membranes causing glomerulonephritis and pneumonitis

Unknown aetiology but occurs following viral infection 

Hypertension, microscopic haematuria, proteinuria, haemoptysis

Haemoptysis, shortness of breath, lethargy, nausea, dry cough, peripheral oedema

Bloods: FBC and anti-GBM antibodies

Chest X-Ray: To assess for pulmonary haemhorrhage or infection

Biopsy: Renal or lung biopsy is diagnostic; renal biopsy shows cresenteric 

infiltration

Medical: Plasma exchange – to remove antibodies and Immunosuppression: 

cyclophosphamide, prednisolone

Depends on the initial renal function and extent of lung involvement and speed of appropriate treatment so prompt diagnosis is key.