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Pathology
Can occur due to any cause of immunosuppression. In HIV they usually occur when CD4 count <200cells/ml blood.
Aetiology
Tuberculosis (4.5%): most lethal OI, Mycobacterium avium complex.
Signs
CMV (3.7%): CMV retinitis in 45% AIDS
HSV, HPV, HZV, oral hairy leukoplakia.
Symptoms
Candidiasis (15%): Treatment nystatin/amphotericin.
Aspergillosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis.
Investigations
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) (43%): commonest life-threatening OI, low saturations on minimal exertion. Treatment co-trimoxazole
Toxoplasmosis (2.5%), cryptosporidiosis.
Treatment
Kaposi’s Sarcoma due to HHV8 (10%): from capillary endothelial cells, purple papules on skin.
Lymphoma: EBV (2%), Anal/Cervical Cancer: HPV.
Prognosis
Key Facts
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Key References
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