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Pathology

Folate required for DNA synthesis

Aetiology

Dietary deficiency/malabsorption, increased utilization in rapid turnover, pregnancy, anti-folate drugs e.g., methotrexate

Signs

Often none, pallor, CHF, peripheral neuropathy, confusion, Sub-acute Combined 
Degeneration of spinal cord

Symptoms

Anaemia, neuropathy, bowel disease

Investigations

Bloods: FBC, serum B12 and Folate
Blood Film: Oval  macrocytosis, hypersegmented neutrophils 
Bone Marrow Biopsy: Serum ferritin, LDH, homocysteine levels

Treatment

Medical: Replace Folic acid only after any B12 deficiency has been corrected 

Prognosis

Symptomatic improvement within 24 hours when treated. Overall prognosis is 
very good.
Neural tube formation defects in pregnant women, sterility, cardiovascular 
disease 

Key Facts

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Key Images

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Key References

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