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Pathology

Bone marrow aplasia leading to pancytopenia

Aetiology

Idiopathic – Most cases 
Hereditary - Fanconi Syndrome
Post Viral - Hepatitis A, B, C
Drug induced - Carbamazepine, busulfan
Radiation – Exposure to high doses of radiation

Signs

Pallor, bruising, increased respiratory rate

Symptoms

Shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, bleeding, easy bruising, recurrent 
infections

Investigations

Bloods: FBC – pancytopenia
Blood Film: Reduction in number of visible cells
Bone Marrow Aspirate: Hypocellular Marrow

Treatment

Medical: Careful observation, blood transfusion, immunosuppressive therapy, 
and bone marrow transplant in severe cases

Prognosis

Potential for cure with bone marrow transplant, immunosuppression may give 
good results.
Progression to more severe disease, progression to acute leukaemia. 
Development of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

Key Facts

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Key Images

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Key References

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