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Pathology
Proteinuria > 3g/24 hours,
Hypoalbuminaemia < 30g/l and
Hyperlipidaemia
Oedema also an associated hypercholestrolaemia.
Aetiology
Primary: Minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental
glomerulonephritis
Secondary: Diabetes, SLE, amyloidosis, hypertension
Signs
Marked pitting oedema, ascites and pleural effusions
Symptoms
Swollen legs, weight gain, lethargy, shortness of breath.
Investigations
loods: FBC, U&E, LFT’s, lipid profile glucose, myeloma screen, ANA
MSU: Urine dipstick and protein: creatinine ratio
Ultrasound: Renal ultrasound to assess for structural abnormalities
Renal Biopsy: Diagnostic
Treatment
Medical: Loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, statins.
Prognosis
Dependent on underlying cause and response to treatments; persistent heavy proteinuria is associated with progressive renal failure and worse outcomes.
Hypercoagulability, hyperlipidaemia, infection
Key Facts
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Key Images
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Key References
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