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Pathology

An increased tendency to form blood clots in the arterial or venous system

Aetiology

Inherited or acquired tendency to disruption of the balance between pro and anti coagulant factors
Primary Causes
Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency Antithrombin III deficiency
Factor V Leiden (commonest hereditable thrombophilia)
Secondary Causes
Immobility, Recent Surgery, Malignancy, Smoking, Pregnancy, Anti-phospholipid syndrome, Oral Contraceptive Pill

Signs

Recurrent thromboembolism or miscarriage

Symptoms

Asymptomatic or features of thrombosis, PE/DVT, thrombosis in atypical sites, 

Investigations

Bloods: FBC, clotting screen, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, 
Assays for antithrombin, protein C and protein S, PCR for factor V Leiden

Treatment

Medical: Treatment of any thrombosis and prophylactic measures in high risk 
individuals such as compression stockings or anticoagulation.

Prognosis

Variable
Variable risk of thrombosis and its complications

Key Facts

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Key Images

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Key References

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