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Pathology
An increased tendency to form blood clots in the arterial or venous system
Aetiology
Inherited or acquired tendency to disruption of the balance between pro and anti coagulant factors
Primary Causes
Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency Antithrombin III deficiency
Factor V Leiden (commonest hereditable thrombophilia)
Secondary Causes
Immobility, Recent Surgery, Malignancy, Smoking, Pregnancy, Anti-phospholipid syndrome, Oral Contraceptive Pill
Signs
Recurrent thromboembolism or miscarriage
Symptoms
Asymptomatic or features of thrombosis, PE/DVT, thrombosis in atypical sites,
Investigations
Bloods: FBC, clotting screen, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies,
Assays for antithrombin, protein C and protein S, PCR for factor V Leiden
Treatment
Medical: Treatment of any thrombosis and prophylactic measures in high risk
individuals such as compression stockings or anticoagulation.Prognosis
Variable
Variable risk of thrombosis and its complications
Key Facts
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Key Images
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Key References
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