Progressive, irreversible renal disease with abnormal eGFR for >3 months

Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, HIV, myeloma, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and IgA nephropathy. 

Reduced urine output, rash, peripheral oedema, arrhythmias, signs of heart failure, pallor, bruising and skin pigmentation

Oliguria, Malaise, lethargy, confusion, nausea, seizure, pruritus, purpura, breathlessness, pericarditis, bleeding

Bloods: FBC (normocytic anaemia), U&E (hyperkalaemia, raised urea and                                        creatinine, hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia)

Imaging: Chest x-ray to rule out fluid overload and bone scans

Medical: Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation, Dietary restriction of 

phosphate, Dialysis for severe symptoms

Surgical: Kidney Transplant

50% of patients with chronic renal failure will require dialysis

Hyperkalaemia, fluid overload, uraemia, renal osteodystrophy, hypertension