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Pathology
Damage to cranial nerves IX,X,XI and XII – upper motor neuron lesions
Aetiology
Difficulty with speech and swallowing
Signs
Sensorineural deafness
Symptoms
Tongue weakness, facial muscle weakness
Investigations
Clinical Examination: Assess Gag reflex and uvular deviation
Treatment
Dependent on underlying cause
Prognosis
Dependent on underlying cause
Key Facts
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Key Images
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Key References
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