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Pathology

Narrowing of pulmonary valve causing a decreased outflow and increased back 
 pressure in the right ventricle

Aetiology

Carcinoid, rheumatic fever, congenital (Noonan Syndrome)

Signs

Right ventricular heave, raised JVP, prominent ‘a’ waves, Split second heart sound


Symptoms

Dyspnoea

Investigations

ECG: Right axis deviation and Right ventricular hypertrophy
Chest X-Ray: Post stenotic pulmonary artery dilatation
Echo: Assesses for structural abnormalities 

Treatment

Medical: Salt restriction and diuretics
Surgical: Valve replacement, Balloon valvuloplasty

Prognosis

Surgery improves outcome, however patients can experience pulmonary 
regurgitation following valve surgery
Heart failure, arrhythmias, and infective endocarditis

Key Facts

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Key Images

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Key References

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