Infectious

Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)

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Pathology

Leptospira species.
 L. interrogans icterohaemorrhagiae causes most severe disease.
 Natural host: rat, dog and farm animals. Incubation 7-14 days.

Aetiology

Contact with water contaminated with rat urine e.g. sewer workers. Leptospires can survive in environment for months. 

Signs

Conjunctival suffusion.

Symptoms

Fever, rigors, headache with photophobia, marked myalgia, nausea.
Icteric disease (Weil’s disease): jaundice, renal impairment, haemorrhage, systemic inflammatory response or shock.

Investigations

Bloods: FBC, U&E, LFTs
MSU: Proteinuria and casts.
Serological: ELISA.

Treatment

Mainly supportive.

Prognosis

Very good for patients with mild disease but poor in those with severe disease
Chronic eye infection

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