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Pathology

Neoplastic clonal disorder of bone marrow stem cells causing excessive production of erythrocytes (often with neutrophils and platelets too)

Aetiology

95% is caused by mutation of JAK-2 

Signs

Plethoric complexion, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombosis, hypertension

Symptoms

Often asymptomatic, headache, drowsiness, symptoms of thrombosis, pruritus, haemorrhage, pruritus in water

Investigations

Bloods: FBC shows increased Hb, White Cells and Platelets, Clotting, U&E, JAK-2 
mutation analysis. 
If JAK 2 is positive, no further investigation required
If JAK 2 negative: serum erythropoietin, bone marrow aspirate 

Treatment

Conservative: Reduce risk factors for thrombosis
Medical: Venesection, low dose chemotherapy, Aspirin, Folic acid

Prognosis

Median survival approximately 14 years if treated
Transformation of PV to myelofibrosis or Acute Myeloid Leukaemia 

Key Facts

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Key References

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