Gastro

Acute Diarrhoea

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Pathology

Defined as loose, watery stools of less than 14 days, can be bloody or non-bloody

Aetiology

Infective Bloody Diarrhoea: Escherichia Coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, 
Amoebic Dysentery and Salmonella
Infective Non-Bloody Diarrhoea: Norovirus, Clostridium Difficile, Giardia, Cholera,
Strongyloides, Escherichia Coli or Malaria

Signs

Pyrexia, systemically unwell 

Symptoms

Abdominal pain, diarrhoea 

Investigations

Bloods: FBC shows a raised white cell count and raised CRP
Microbiology: Stool cultures
Imaging: Abdominal X-ray to assess for toxic megacolon, perforation or ileus
Other: If lasts longer than 4-6 weeks or patient is systemically unwell then should 
be considered for flexible sigmoidoscopy

Treatment

Conservative: Rehydration
Medical: Antibiotics for infection: erythromycin, ciprofloxacin or metronidazole

Prognosis

Good prognosis with adequate fluid resuscitation 
Dehydration

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Key References

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